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Content Warning: The source material features depictions of violence and mental illness. Additionally, the source material cites offensive terms for people who have mental illnesses, which is replicated in this guide only in direct quotes of the source material.
Mental illness is a complex and pervasive issue that affects individuals, families, and societies. In The Best Minds, Rosen explores the debilitating symptoms and effects of mental ill-health for those who experience it. He also traces the impact of mental disorders on those who come into contact with people who have mental illnesses, from friends and loved ones to members of wider society.
The impact of mental disorders on individuals is primarily explored through Michael. Michael’s experiences of paranoid schizophrenia underscore the profound impact of mental illness on a person’s life, affecting their thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and well-being. Michael’s most debilitating symptoms are paranoia, delusions, and hallucinations. The author conveys the energy his friend expends, spending “the bulk of his brainpower fending off fragments of the unreal world” (297). Michael’s delusions range from believing his bed is on fire every morning to the conviction that alien beings have replaced his loved ones. These disturbing illusions turn Michael’s daily life into a nightmarish experience.
Rosen points out how the symptoms of mental illness often paradoxically demonstrate the sophistication of the brain. He argues that the ability to convincingly conjure imaginary worlds in one’s mind is a unique aspect of being human. Michael’s inability to separate delusions and hallucinations from reality is therefore “a reminder of how remarkable our minds are” (523). The text emphasizes that Michael’s mind remains brilliant even when applying itself to an unreal world of its own creation. Rosen figuratively compares the phenomenon to “someone using beautiful penmanship to write gibberish” (233).
Michael’s case also outlines how diseases such as paranoid schizophrenia can lead to impaired decision-making. His experiences show that patients with mental illnesses are often unable to rationally assess their need for treatment. Michael’s refusal to take his medication is shown to disastrously contribute to the delusion that prompts him to kill Carrie. The author illustrates a similar point through his own experience of anxiety disorder. As his psychiatrist explains, his panic attacks are a symptom of the brain thinking about the past and the future rather than focusing on the present. Rosen’s experience of chronic anxiety also serves as a reminder that mental illness is not a singular entity, but encompasses a spectrum of disorders of varying severity.
In charting Michael’s life, the text emphasizes how serious mental illnesses such as paranoid schizophrenia often involve a loss of autonomy. Michael’s cognitive dysfunction means that he is deprived of the limitless opportunities once available to him and he becomes dependent on the support of others. He is also aware that those who know about his illness perceive him differently. Thus, Michael is keen to challenge the association between paranoid schizophrenia and violence as a misguided “stereotype.” While Rosen suggests that Michael is himself mistaken in this claim, he emphasizes how the stigma associated with mental illness can exacerbate the suffering of those affected.
Through Michael, The Best Minds also outlines the impact of mental illness on family members and friends. The text conveys the emotional toll on Michael’s parents and his girlfriend Carrie as they support him through psychotic episodes where he believes they are imposters. Rosen highlights the frightening nature of these incidents and the feelings of helplessness experienced by Michael’s loved ones. He also acknowledges his own complex emotions about his friend’s illness, admitting, “I was aware of being afraid of Michael even as I felt love for him” (508). Ultimately, the greatest impact of Michael’s illness on others is his killing of Carrie. The later chapters of the book describe the “ripples of spreading pain” (461) his actions cause. While Carrie is the primary victim of his illness, the impact extends to her parents, Michael’s friends and family, and Officer Brewer, who also becomes a casualty of Michael’s unpredictable violence. Importantly, through depicting Michael’s distress and confusion, Rosen also highlights that Michael himself is a victim of his own delusional symptoms.
In portraying Michael Laudor’s life, The Best Minds seeks to convey the profound impact of mental illness on individuals and society as a whole. The author illuminates the nature of mental health conditions, the suffering they cause, and their potential consequences. Ultimately, the memoir calls for a wider understanding of mental illness and a healthcare system with the capacity to help both patients and their loved ones.
The Best Minds charts Jonathan Rosen’s friendship with Michael Laudor from childhood to adulthood. Written from the perspective of middle age, the memoir traces the changing dynamics of their relationship over the years. In doing so, the author explores the challenges and burdens of friendship as well as its joys.
Rosen describes his first encounter with Michael as a 10-year-old in terms usually reserved for “love at first sight.” He recalls, “Michael […] was inevitable. I was destined to meet him” (5). The intensity of their bond is built on the similarity of their backgrounds (both are the sons of Jewish professors) and their mutual bookishness and ambition to become writers. However, the author also highlights how their contrasting characters make the relationship work: Jonathan feels that Michael’s extraordinary self-confidence compensates for his often-paralyzing shyness, creating a harmonious yin and yang effect.
Through his portrayal of the relationship, the author also emphasizes that conflict and rivalry can be an integral part of friendship. Jonathan and Michael are rivals both academically and in the race to achieve their life goals. Rosen acknowledges that “striving competitively against each other had been as integral to our friendship as anything” (313). During their childhood and adolescence, Jonathan feels continually outmatched by Michael—illustrated in their contrasting performances at their bar mitzvahs. The dynamic between them is encapsulated in the memoir’s tortoise and hare motif, with Jonathan as the tortoise (See: Symbols & Motifs). While often dispiriting, Michael’s brilliance gives his friend a benchmark to aspire to.
Jonathan and Michael’s friendship evolves over time. As their interests and priorities change, their relationship undergoes shifts in intensity and closeness. Rosen identifies three events that significantly impact this dynamic. The first is Michael’s abandonment of Jonathan when he is beaten up by a group of teenagers. Jonathan experiences Michael’s self-preservation as a painful breach of trust, although his feelings remain unvoiced. The second incident is Michael’s decision to quit the school newspaper when Jonathan is made editor in chief. Michael’s behavior demonstrates that he is less loyal and dependent than Jonathan. Sensing a lack of balance and reciprocity in their relationship, Jonathan feels that Michael is leaving him behind.
The third incident that truly tests Jonathan and Michael’s friendship is the onset of Michael’s psychosis. The author highlights how the presence of mental illness can significantly impact personal connections, adding further complexity and challenges to the dynamics of friendships. As well as struggling to adequately express his concerns and offer support, Jonathan finds it challenging to adapt to alterations in Michael’s personality. Only when Michael kills Carrie does he appreciate the severity of his friend’s illness, stating, “I felt ashamed of my resentments, which had outlasted the onset of his illness […] And the wild disproportion of my enduring competitiveness, which was only brought home to me now” (458). Rosen equates the way he distances himself from Michael in his hour of need to the time Michael left him to get beaten up years earlier. While he has forgiven Michael’s actions as a child, he finds his own behavior hard to excuse.
Overall, the memoir provides a frank and complex portrayal of a friendship that waxes and wanes but never dies. Rosen emphasizes that, despite the shifting nature of their dynamic, he and Michael “remained deeply connected, bound by more than memory, habit, guilt, obligation, or even affection” (311). By immortalizing their friendship in the book, the author suggests that the bonds made in childhood are often the most powerful.
Throughout The Best Minds, Rosen examines society’s shifting attitudes toward mental illness. The author argues that prevailing viewpoints on mental illness ultimately affect not only how people with mental disorders are perceived but also the medical care they receive. Michael Laudor’s story is presented as an illustration of this point. His experiences show how philosophical ideas affected attitudes toward mental illness at the time he became seriously unwell.
The memoir describes how, in the second half of the 20th century, perceptions of mental healthcare were influenced by the negative historical associations of the “asylum.” In the public imagination, state psychiatric hospitals continued to be linked to lobotomies and the inhumane treatment of patients. Consequently, a backlash against these institutions occurred, leading to a general belief that people with mental illnesses could be more compassionately cared for in the community. While Rosen acknowledges the validity of recognizing “the terrible toll [asylums] could take on the people inside them” (229), he notes that the subsequent process of closing the hospitals (deinstitutionalization) failed to replace the state system with any other type of consistent mental healthcare.
By providing the sociohistorical context of this era, Rosen demonstrates how various cultural attitudes contributed to a more idealistic perception of mental illness. He notes that the counterculture of the 1960s increasingly saw mental disorders as a by-product of a sick, oppressive society rather than a medical condition. Literary theory, such as post-structuralism, also contributed to this notion by the frequent use of “metaphors of mental illness” (220). The author points out that society’s tendency to “borrow mental illness” (406) to signify other states was dangerously misleading. While removing the stigma previously attached to mental disorders, this school of thought minimized the severe symptoms of mental illness, inferring that treatment was unnecessary.
The support Michael receives from the Network and professors at Yale Law School demonstrates how, in theory, society had become more inclusive and compassionate to people with mental illnesses by the time Michael became ill. The first article about him in The New York Times suggests a society keen to celebrate the achievements of those with mental disorders. However, the author also emphasizes that this sensitive, nondiscriminatory attitude comes at the expense of minimizing the realities of Michael’s illness. Rosen argues that “[t]he problem was an environment that saw even an enquiry into the possibility of violence among the untreated as stigmatizing” (520). At the same time, he emphasizes that when people with mental illnesses commit violent crimes, they are inevitably demonized in the press. The author notes how the newspaper headline describing Michael as a “‘[p]sycho’ […] blotted out a world of goodwill, hope and achievement” (454).
Michael’s case illustrates how shifting cultural attitudes have led to the underestimation of potentially dangerous mental illness symptoms. Ultimately, the memoir suggests that a balance must be found between stigmatizing mental illness and viewing it in a misleadingly idealized light (the “good intentions” of the title). The author suggests that to truly support those with serious mental illnesses, an honest “discussion of symptoms, treatments, and interventions” (502) is needed.
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