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The focus on Carl throughout the narrative is more than just art appreciation. It symbolizes various things for different people. For some, Carl symbolizes humanity’s fear of the other and the belief that any highly advanced civilization would not be good to a less-advanced civilization. For others, the existence of Carl showcases what humanity could become as a collective. As a literal alien, Carl is the sum of each individual’s own projections and beliefs. If a person is fearful, then Carl symbolizes an invading, menacing force. Is a person is appreciative and hopeful, then Carl symbolizes the intrigue of life in outer space and the existence of extra-terrestrials.
Carl’s physical features symbolize strength and otherness. From his physical properties that defy all known elements to his 10-foot height and suit of samurai armor, Carl is definitely out of the ordinary. Even when no one suspects that he is alien, the running joke that he is from outer space stems from the fact that he does not look like anything that exists on Earth. Yet from the start, April senses life in Carl, as he stands there:
in the middle of the sidewalk, full of energy and power […] like it might, at any moment, turn and fix that empty, regal stare on me. But instead it just stood there, silent and almost scornful, like the world didn’t deserve its attention (4).
April’s perception of Carl’s appearance is a projection of her own thoughts and emotions, just as Carl becomes for all else who examine him closely.
The Dream serves as the platform through which Carl seems to evaluate and observe humanity. The dream’s detailed landscape is filled with buildings that represent hundreds of architectural styles and eras, creating a somewhat off-putting effect as they exist side by side. In this sense, the Dream is a metaphor for the beauty of individuality. These buildings’ stylistic differences are unique and beautiful, and so are the lives, experiences, cultures, and skills of each human individual on Earth.
Thematically, this motif explores the nature of humanity by showing the way people interact with it. The Dream teaches people that they must work together and that individuality in a collective does not diminish or take away from the value of each individual identity. Working on one’s own and relying on one’s own self is detrimental to human nature, as it is almost impossible to achieve anything great without working together. While individuals and people of diverse cultures can divide themselves along lines of differences, being human is a strong commonality that can separate humanity from outsiders. It is only when coming in contact with the Dream that humans are able to see the extent of their similarities in comparison to Carl.
Social media, including news outlets and TV, is the motif through which the theme of fame and crafted personas are explored. It is by using social media that April is able to become famous, and through her persona on social media, she manipulates the narrative to serve what she desires to tell. Though April keeps herself distant from social media before Carl, her instant fame forces her to create and maintain an active internet presence so that she can retain her audience.
While social media is an outlet for people to express themselves and connect to others, it also becomes a means of distancing people. April’s investment in her persona puts her relationships at odds—she breaks up with Maya, becomes distant from Andy, and disregards Miranda. To focus on appealing to her audience, April has to ignore those who actually know her. Followers on social media can never know the nuances of a personality and can only know a person through their own perspective of one’s curated social media presence.
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